腹瀉,多種原因引起的病症

細菌或病毒感染腸道

服用某些藥物,例如抗生素

對某些食物的不良反應

特殊的消化系統疾病,例如腸易激綜合徵和其他一些疾病

壓力大或飲食不良
- Diarrhoeal diseases. World Health Organization, 2017. (Accessed December 2020, at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease).
- Diarrhea. Also called: dysentery, the runs, the trots. National Institutes of Health/US National Library of Medicine, 2020. (Accessed August 2020, at https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html#.)
- König J, Wells J, Cani PD, et al. Human intestinal barrier function in health and disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2016;7:e196.
- Binder HJ. Pathophysiology of acute diarrhea. Am J Med 1990;88:2s-4s.
- Barr W, Smith A. Acute diarrhea. Am Fam Physician 2014;89:180-9.
- Weiss GA, Hennet T. Mechanisms and consequences of intestinal dysbiosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017;74:2959-77.
- Szajewska H, Guarino A, Hojsak I, et al. Use of probiotics for management of acute gastroenteritis: a position paper by the ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014;58:531-9.
- Guarino A, Ashkenazi S, Gendrel D, Lo Vecchio A, Shamir R, Szajewska H. European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute gastroenteritis in children in Europe: update 2014. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014;59:132-52.
- Farthing M, Salam MA, Lindberg G, et al. Acute diarrhea in adults and children: a global perspective. J Clin Gastroenterol 2013;47:12-20.
- Thursby E, Juge N. Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J 2017;474:1823-36.
- Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA. ACG clinical guideline: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute diarrheal infections in adults. Am J Gastroenterol 2016;111:602-22.
自我護理建議
在急性腹瀉的情況下,無論原因如何,確保保持水分和獲得足夠營養是必不可少的第一步。